![]() ![]() Rifling, while it may not increase the average ( arithmetic mean) range of many shots from the same gun, will increase the accuracy and precision of the gun. Longer barrels allow more of the propellant's energy to be given to the projectile, yielding greater range. See rifling for a greater explanation.įor projectiles that are launched by firearms and artillery, the nature of the gun's barrel is also important. If a projectile is given rotation along its axes of travel, irregularities in the projectile's shape and weight distribution tend to be cancelled out. The distribution of mass within the projectile can also be important, as an unevenly weighted projectile may spin undesirably, causing irregularities in its trajectory due to the magnus effect. Mass also becomes important, as a more massive projectile will have more kinetic energy, and will thus be less affected by air resistance. However, certain irregularities such as dimples on a golf ball may actually increase its range by reducing the amount of turbulence caused behind the projectile as it travels. ![]() The surface of the projectile also must be considered: a smooth projectile will face less air resistance than a rough-surfaced one, and irregularities on the surface of a projectile may change its trajectory if they create more drag on one side of the projectile than on the other. (And see Trajectory of a projectile.) Air resistance drag can be modified by the projectile shape: a tall and wide, but short projectile will face greater air resistance than a low and narrow, but long, projectile of the same volume. Generally speaking, a projectile with greater volume faces greater air resistance, reducing the range of the projectile.
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